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Introduction
This document
describes standards for preparing the references in the APA
style. The following sections give detailed instructions on
citing books, journal articles, newspaper articles, conference
papers, theses, webpages and others.
Please provide all the required elements in the references to your
paper. Please pay
particular attention to spelling, capitalization and
punctuation. Accuracy and completeness of references are the
responsibilities of the author. Before submitting your
article, please ensure you have checked your paper for any
relevant references you may have missed. |
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References (examples):
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Book
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[1]
Kleiner, F.S.,
Mamiya C.J. & Tansey R.G. (2001). Gardner’s art through the
ages (11th ed.). Fort Worth, USA: Harcourt College Publishers.
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Book chapter or
article in an edited book
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[2] Roll
W.P. (1976). ESP and memory. In J.M.O. Wheatley & H.L. Edge
(Eds.), Philosophical dimensions of parapsychology (pp.
154-184). Springfield, IL: American Psychiatric Press.
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Proceedings from a
conference
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[3]
Field, G. (2001).
Rethinking reference rethought. In Revelling in Reference:
Reference and Information Services Section Symposium, 12-14
October 2001 (pp. 59-64). Melbourne, Victoria, Australia:
Australian Library and Information Association.
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E-book
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[4]
Johnson, A.
(2000). Abstract Computing Machines. Springer Berlin
Heidelberg. Retrieved March 30, 2006, from SpringerLink
http://springerlink.com/content/w25154.
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- Thesis
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[5]
Begg, M. M. (2001). Dairy farm women in the Waikato 1946-1996:
Fifty years of social and structural change. Unpublished
doctoral dissertation, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New
Zealand.
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Report
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[6]
Osgood, D. W., &
Wilson, J. K. (1990). Covariation of adolescent health problems.
Lincoln: University of Nebraska. (NTIS No. PB 91-154 377/AS)
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- Government
publication
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[7]
Ministerial
Council on Drug Strategy. (1997). The national drug strategy:
Mapping the future. Canberra: Australian Government
Publishing Service.
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- Journal
Article
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[8]
Cudak, M. & Karcz J.
(2006). Momentum transfer in an agitated vessel with off-centred
impellers. Chem. Pap. 60(5), 375-380.
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- Journal
article from an online database
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[9]
Czajgucki Z., Zimecki
M. & Andruszkiewicz R. (2006, December). The immunoregulatory
effects of edeine analogues in mice [Abstract]. Cell. Mol.
Biol. Lett. 12(3), 149-161. Retrieved December 6, 2006, from
PubMed database on the World Wide Web:
http://www.pubmed.gov.
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- Newspaper
article (no author)
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[10]
Amazing Amazon
region. (1989, January 12). New York Times, p. D11.
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- Encyclopedia
article
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[11]
Bergmann, P. G.
(1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia britannica (Vol. 26,
pp. 501-
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508). Chicago: Encyclopedia
Britannica.
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- Web page
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[12]
Walker,
J. (1996, August). APA-style citations of electronic resources.
Retrieved November
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21, 2001, from
http://www.cas.usf.edu/english/walker/apa.html
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- Lecture note
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[13]
Liffers, M. (2006, August 30). Finding information in the
library. Lecture notes
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distributed
in the unit Functional Anatomy and Sports Performance 1102,
University of
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Western
Australia, Crawley, Western Australia.
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Patent
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[14]
Smith, I. M. (1988).
U.S. Patent No. 123,445. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Patent and
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Trademark Office.
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- Standard
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[15]
Standards Association
of Australia. (1997). Australian standard: Pressure equipment
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manufacture.
AS4458-1997. North Sydney.
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- Video
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[16]
Zhang, Y.
(Producer/Director). (2000). Not one less [Motion Picture]. China:
Columbia
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Pictures Industries,
Inc.
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- Audio
recording
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[17]
Taupin, B. (1975).
Someone saved my life tonight [Recorded by Elton John]. On
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Captain fantastic and the
brown dirt cowboy [CD]. London: Big Pig Music Limited.
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- Mailing list
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[18]
Hammond, T. (2000,
November 20). YAHC: Handle Parameters, DOI Genres, etc.
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Message posted to Ref-Links electronic mailing list, archived at
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http://www.doi.org/mail-archive/ref-link/msg00088.html
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- Computer
software
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[19]
Ludwig, T. (2002).
PsychInquiry [computer software]. New York: Worth.
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